{"id":143803,"date":"2022-09-08T14:36:32","date_gmt":"2022-09-08T09:06:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/?p=143803"},"modified":"2026-02-24T15:22:24","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T13:22:24","slug":"the-political-concepts-of-left-and-right","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/the-political-concepts-of-left-and-right","title":{"rendered":"The Political Concepts of Left and Right"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We cannot open a news aggregator and fail to see the concepts of The Left and The Right\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bandied about. We often locate our own position on the spectrum, not by looking at our inner values but on where we stand in relation to other people\u2019s views. The left-right continuum is a way of classifying people\u2019s positions on matters like social equality and social hierarchy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h1><b>Origins of the terms<\/b><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The terms Left and Right came into use during the French Revolution of 1789. The supporters of the French King sat to the right of the President of the National Assembly and the supporters of the Revolution sat to the left.\u00a0 The right is associated with conservatism, keeping things as they are, while the left wish to see reform and change. This distinction remains to this day.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Commonly, the left-wing is differentiated by ideas such as freedom, equality, fraternity, rights, progress, reform and internationalism while the right-wing is portrayed by concepts such as authority, hierarchy, order, duty, tradition, reaction and nationalism.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1><b>Left-Right labels<\/b><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some examples of Left-Right labelling are given below.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h4><b>Terms often used to describe the Left<\/b><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h4><b>Terms often used to describe the Right<\/b><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">anarchists<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">communists<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">democratic socialists<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">left-libertarians<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">movements for racial equality\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">progressives\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">social democrats<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">social liberals<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">socialists<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">trade unionism<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">anarcho-capitalists<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">conservatives<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fascists<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">imperialists<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0monarchists<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">neoconservatives<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reactionaries\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">right-libertarians<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">traditionalists<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many people hold positions closer to the middle between these two poles. They are usually described as moderates. People who are to the left of centre are called centre-left moderates, and those to the right are centre right moderates.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Then there are a number of significant political movements that do not fit precisely into the left-right spectrum. These include Christian democracy, feminism, and regionalism.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nationalism is often regarded as a right-wing doctrine, and yet many nationalists support the egalitarian distribution of resources. Populist movements of various hues may have both left-wing and right-wing characteristics.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h1><b>The political spectrum<\/b><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What does Left and Right mean in political terms?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">People on the left have liberal views. They support progressive reforms, and want a society with greater social and economic equality. They are comfortable with some of the resources of the state being diverted to support the poor and the vulnerable. This usually requires bigger government and more taxes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">People on the right have conservative views. They wish to preserve existing conditions and institutions. Additionally, they want to restore traditional values and limit change. People on the right feel that citizens must take care of themselves and not rely on the state. Those who fail to do so are considered lazy or morally weak. Conservatives on the right want small government and few taxes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From the description above, we can see that the poor and vulnerable are more likely to support a leftist government so that more social benefits flow to the rest of the population. In many cases the poor and vulnerable are in these life situations because of the structure of the economy and the society within which they live.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wealthy, powerful conservatives on the right are likely to resist higher taxes, as this will curtail their wealth accumulation. They argue that they must not be asked to subsidise the poor and vulnerable who should work harder to take care of themselves.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A stratified, unequal society may create the conditions for populism. Populism may appeal to ordinary people who feel that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups. These elites are usually wealthy conservatives on the right. Populist governments usually come to an uncomfortable end because the reckless printing of money required to support distributions to poorer people, destroys the fundamentals of the economy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1><b>Five moral foundations<\/b><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jonathan Haidt has proposed five moral foundations which inform the nature of value. They are as follows:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>harm\/care\u00a0<\/strong> [Do no harm and care for others]<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>fairness\/reciprocity\u00a0<\/strong> [Treat people equally as you should wish to be treated]<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>ingroup\/loyalty\u00a0<\/strong> [Membership of the tribe, race, or language group must be preserved]<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>authority\/respect<\/strong>\u00a0 [We must respect and obey institutions and people in authority over us]<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>purity\/sanctity\u00a0<\/strong> [We must keep our race, tribe, or grouping pure and free from outside contamination]<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These moral beliefs and practices combine to form the unique value matrix of a human being (Haidt, 2012; Haidt &amp; Joseph, 2004).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Haidt\u2019s extensive research has shown that people with liberal views tend to more strongly associate with the values of harm\/care, and fairness\/reciprocity. The other three are not discarded but are not as important.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An example statement of this position might be. \u201cI want to take care of the environment and I want to treat people fairly.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Haidt\u2019s research further confirms that the values of ingroup\/loyalty, authority\/respect, and purity\/sanctity predominate amongst conservatives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An example statement of this position might be. \u201cMy group is very important to me. I will follow their rules and I will prevent the group from being contaminated by impure ideas or people.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The table below enumerates the characteristics of each of these moral foundations. It also provides us with a useful heuristic within which to understand our own political stance and the stances of others.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/table.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-143804\" src=\"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/table.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"922\" height=\"368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/table.png 922w, https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/table-300x120.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 922px) 100vw, 922px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Table retrieved from: Haidt, Jonathan, and Craig Joseph, The Moral Mind: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How Five Sets of Innate Intuitions Guide the Development of Many Culture Specific Virtues, and Perhaps Even Modules<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Peter Carruthers, and Stephen Laurence (eds)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Innate Mind, Volume 3: Foundations and the Future<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New York, 2008; online edn, Oxford Academic, 1 Jan. 2008<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), 2 September 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1><b>Forming our political position<\/b><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We come to our own personal position on the Left-Right continuum as a result of our upbringing, the values we have internalised and our life experiences.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Family<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Children tend to grow up and vote the way their parents do. Families are generally the first, and often the most enduring, influence on our developing political opinions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Gender<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Gender can play a significant role. Many women support equal work, equal pay, and equal legal rights and progressive education and health care. This puts many women to the left of the spectrum.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Religion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Religion can be a source of forming and maintaining conservative views. Matters such as a belief in god, abortion, purity, divorce, sin and women\u2019s rights contribute to a right-wing view.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Place<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Where you live can also play a role in your political views. A large seaport town with many immigrants may have a more tolerant, leftist view in general. Whereas a small, rural agricultural community may cling to conservative right-wing values.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As individuals we are unlikely to change our political stance. We are \u201cdug-in\u201d for life. But what we can do is be more tolerant and understanding of views different from our own. Jonathan Haidt\u2019s Five Moral Foundations provides a useful prism through which to understand the views of others, and our own responses to them. An orderly society depends on most people getting along with one another. It behoves us to do just that.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We cannot open a news aggregator and fail to see the concepts of The Left and The Right\u00a0bandied about. We often locate our own position on the spectrum, not by looking at our inner values but on where we stand in relation to other people\u2019s views. The left-right continuum is a way of classifying people\u2019s<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":134,"featured_media":143799,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"country":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-143803","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-a-z-topics"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Political Concepts of Left and Right - RegInsights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/the-political-concepts-of-left-and-right\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Political Concepts of Left and Right - RegInsights\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We cannot open a news aggregator and fail to see the concepts of The Left and The Right\u00a0bandied about. 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Forson","author_link":"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/author\/james-f"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/category\/a-z-topics\" rel=\"category tag\">A - Z Topics<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"We cannot open a news aggregator and fail to see the concepts of The Left and The Right\u00a0bandied about. We often locate our own position on the spectrum, not by looking at our inner values but on where we stand in relation to other people\u2019s views. The left-right continuum is a way of classifying people\u2019s","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/143803","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/134"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=143803"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/143803\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/143799"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=143803"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=143803"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=143803"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.regenesys.net\/reginsights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=143803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}